NameMolecular formulaMolecular weight (g/mol)Chemical structureDescriptionFood matricesGreen extraction methods
Beta-CaroteneC40H56536.9

Beta-carotene is part of the most widespread group of pigments found in nature. Its distinctive color stems from extended chains of conjugated double bonds. It is commonly found in yellow, orange, and green leafy vegetables and fruits. It has a role as biological pigment, precursor of vitamin A, metabolite, cofactor, ferroptosis inhibitor and antioxidant.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
LycopeneC40H56536.9

Lycopene is an acyclic carotene responsible of the red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Lycopene serves as a potent antioxidant, primarily known for its role in scavenging free radicals within the body.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
PhytoflueneC40H62542.9

Phytofluene is a colorless carotenoid found naturally in tomatoes and other vegetables. Dietary Phytofluene accumulate in human skin: the accumulation shields the skin through various mechanisms including UV absorption, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
LuteinC40H56O2568.9

Lutein is a a xanthophyll typically found naturally in plant-based foods. Lutein has good antioxidant properties and the ability to promote eye health. Lutein plays an important role in delaying age-related macular degeneration and the development of cataracts.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
Palmitoleic acidC16H30O2254.41

Palmitoleic acid, or (9Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n-7). Palmitoleic acid is a lipid hormone that coordinates cross-talk between liver and adipose tissue and exerts anti-inflammatory protective effects on hepatic steatosis and insulin signaling in murine models of metabolic disease.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
Palmitic acidC16H32O2256.43

Palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature) is a fatty acid with a 16-carbon chain. Palmitic acid has been reported to target proteins to cell membranes. It promotes triglyceride accumulation and also affects cell viability.TomatoesSupercritical CO2
Oleic acidC18H34O2282.47

Oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. Oleic acid contributes to the fluidity and stability of cell membranes due to its unsaturated nature, thereby influencing various cellular processes. It serves as a source of energy for cellular metabolism; it has anti-inflammatory properties and exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular health.Tomatoes; olivesSupercritical CO2
Stearic acidC18H36O2284.48

Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. Stearic acid plays various roles in biological systems, influencing cellular structure and function, energy metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and contributing to health outcomes such as cardiovascular health and skin health.Tomatoes; olivesSupercritical CO2
SqualeneC30H50410.73

Squalene is a natural organic compound classified as triterpene. Squalene exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties; promotes wound healing by accelerating the regeneration of skin cells and tissues; plays a role in cholesterol metabolism.OlivesSupercritical CO2
OleuropeinC25H32O13540.52

Oleuropein is a glycosylated seco-iridoid, a type of phenolic bitter compound found in green olive skin, flesh, seeds, and leaves. Oleuropein exhibits strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Oleuropein has also been investigated for the cardiovascular benefits, neuroprotective effects and beneficial effects on metabolic health including glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.OlivesSupercritical CO2
Ferulic acidC10H10O4194.18 Ferulic acid is a phenolic compound. It's a powerful antioxidant that has garnered significant attention for its potential health benefits. Ferulic acid's antioxidant and neuroprotective properties make it a potential candidate for preventing or slowing the progression of diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Some studies suggest that ferulic acid may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, including lowering blood pressure and improving blood lipid profiles.GrapeSubcritical water
Caffeic acidC9H8O4180,16Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound. Caffeic acid is a potent antioxidant, capable of neutralizing harmful free radicals. These free radicals can contribute to oxidative stress, which is implicated in many chronic diseases. Caffeic acid has been studied for its potential to improve blood sugar control in individuals with diabetes.GrapeSubcritical water
KaempferolC15H10O6286.23Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid, a type of antioxidant compound found in various plants. Kaempferol's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may help reduce the risk of stroke and improve recovery after a stroke. Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit the growth and spread of colon cancer cells in laboratory studies. Some research suggests that kaempferol may have anti-cancer effects on breast cancer cells.GrapeSubcritical water
HydroxytyrosolC8H10O3154.16Hydroxytyrosol is a phenolic phytochemical with antioxidant properties in vitro. It is a natural compound that can be found in olive leaves and oil. Hydroxytyrosol has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hydroxytyrosol also improves endothelial dysfunction, decreases oxidative stress, and is neuro- and cardio-protective. Due to all these biological properties, hydroxytyrosol is currently the most actively investigated natural phenol. OlivesSupercritical CO2
TyrosolC8H10O2138.16Tyrosol are simple phenolic compound present in olives and
olive oil. These phenolic compound have a wide range of health benefits and exhibit activities such as cardioprotective, antiviral,
anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects and It can also inhibit human LDL oxidation. However, Tyrosol is still seldom used as a dietary supplement or as a stabilizer and antioxidant in foods, cosmetic, or industrial preparations.		OlivesSupercritical CO2
Protocatechuic acidC7H6O4154.12 Protocatechuic acid (PCA, 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid) is a phenolic acid found in many food plants such as olives and white grapes. PCA have been shown to include strong in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. PCA has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory-effects. Moreover, in vitro studies have shown PCA to have antimicrobial activities and also to exert synergistic interaction with some antibiotics against resistant pathogensOnionsSubcritical water
QuercetinC15H10O7302.23Quercetin, a flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Its numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties, have been extensively studied. Its strong antioxidant properties enable reduce oxidative stress, and protect against cellular damage. Quercetin’s anti-inflammatory properties involve inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, making it a potential therapeutic agent for various inflammatory conditions. It also exhibits anticancer effects by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Finally, quercetin has cardiovascular benefits such as lowering blood pressure, reducing cholesterol levels, and improving endothelial function, making it a promising candidate for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases.OnionsSubcritical water
Lucidumoside CC27H35O14584.57Lucidumoside C is a secoiridoid glycoside which has been shown to exhibit antioxidant activity against hemolysis of red blood cells induced by free radicals. It has a role as an antioxidant, an antiviral agent and a plant metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative, a member of catechols, a beta-D-glucoside, a member of pyrans, a monoterpene glycoside, a methyl ester and a secoiridoid glycoside.FennelsSubcritical water
Glehlinoside CC26H31O13552.52Glehlinoside C is a triterpenoid glycoside, isolated from the plant species Glehnia cordifolia. It has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential anti-cancer properties.FennelsSubcritical water
CohumuloneC20H27O6348.40Cohumulone is one of the primary alpha acids found in hops, a plant used primarily in the brewing of beer. It has been studied for its antimicotical and antibacterical properties.FennelsSubcritical water
NaringinC27H32O14580.54Naringin is a disaccharide derivative of (S)-naringenin, comunely found in Citrus species such as Mandarin orange (Clementine, Tangerine), Citrus (citrus), Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), Lemon, Lime. It has a role as a metabolite, an antineoplastic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent. It is also used as food additives as flavoring agent. CitrusSupercritical CO2
Cinnamic acidC9H8O2148,16Cinnamic acid is a monocarboxylic acid It is a conjugate acid of a cinnamate. It is primarly found in Cinnamomum cassia. It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is primarly used as food additive as flavoring agents.CitrusSupercritical CO2
Vanillic acidC8H8O4168.14Vanillic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid, It has a role as a plant metabolite. As flavoring agents in foods is an intermediate of product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. Vanillic acid has seen a lot of press because of its many uses in the cosmetics, fruit, flavorings, cigarettes,alcohols, drinks, and polymer sectors. It's said to have effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties.CitrusSupercritical CO2